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Amyloids: from Pathogenesis to Function

机译：淀粉样蛋白：从发病机理到功能

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The term "amyloids" refers to fibrillar protein aggregates with cross- structure. They have been a subject of intense scrutiny since the middle of the previous century. First, this interest is due to association of amyloids with dozens of incurable human diseases called amyloidoses, which affect hundreds of millions of people. However, during the last decade the paradigm of amyloids as pathogens has changed due to an increase in understanding of their role as a specific variant of quaternary protein structure essential for the living cell. Thus, functional amyloids are found in all domains of the living world, and they fulfill a variety of roles ranging from biofilm formation in bacteria to long-term memory regulation in higher eukaryotes. Prions, which are proteins capable of existing under the same conditions in two or more conformations at least one of which having infective properties, also typically have amyloid features. There are weighty reasons to believe that the currently known amyloids are only a minority of their real number. This review provides a retrospective analysis of stages in the development of amyloid biology that during the last decade resulted, on one hand, in reinterpretation of the biological role of amyloids, and on the other hand, in the development of systems biology of amyloids, or amyloidomics.
机译：术语“淀粉样蛋白”是指具有交叉结构的原纤维蛋白聚集体。自上世纪中叶以来，它们一直是受到严格审查的主题。首先，这种兴趣归因于淀粉样蛋白与数十种无法治愈的人类疾病-淀粉样蛋白的结合，这种疾病影响着亿万人。然而，在过去的十年中，由于人们越来越了解淀粉样蛋白作为活细胞必不可少的季蛋白结构的特定变体的作用，因此作为病原体的淀粉样蛋白范式已经发生了变化。因此，功能淀粉样蛋白存在于生活世界的所有领域，它们起着多种作用，从细菌中生物膜的形成到高级真核生物的长期记忆调控。 ions病毒是能够在相同条件下以两种或多种构象存在的蛋白质，其中至少一种具有感染性，通常也具有淀粉样蛋白特征。有充分的理由相信当前已知的淀粉样蛋白只是其真实数量的一小部分。这篇综述提供了对淀粉样生物生物学发展阶段的回顾性分析，在过去的十年中，其一方面导致了对淀粉样生物的生物学作用的重新解释，另一方面导致了淀粉样生物系统生物学的发展，或者淀粉样蛋白组学。

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