The current refugial rainforests of Sundalandare unrepresentative of their biogeographicpast and highly vulnerable to disturbance

Charles H.Cannon; Robert J. Morley; Andrew B.G.Bush

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The current refugial rainforests of Sundalandare unrepresentative of their biogeographicpast and highly vulnerable to disturbance

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Understanding the historical dynamics of forest communities is acritical element for accurate prediction of their response to futurechange.Here,we examine evergreen rainforest distribution in theSunda Shelf region at the last glacial maximum(LGM),using aspatially explicit model incorporating geographic,paleoclimatic,and geologic evidence. Results indicate that at the LGM, Sundalandrainforests covered a substantially larger area than currentlypresent. Extrapolation of the model over the past million yearsdemonstrates that the current"island archipelago"setting inSundaland is extremely unusual given the majority of its historyand the dramatic biogeographic transitions caused by global deglaciationwere rapid and brief. Compared with dominant glacialconditions,lowland forests were probably reduced from approximately1.3 to 0.8 106 km2 while upland forests were probablyreduced by half, from approximately 2.0 to 1.0 105 km2.Coastalmangrove and swamp forests experienced the most dramaticchange during deglaciations,going through a complete and majorbiogeographic relocation.The Sundaland forest dynamics of fragmentation and contraction and subsequent expansion, driven byglacial cycles,occur in the opposite phase as those in the northernhemisphere and equatorial Africa, indicating that Sundaland evergreenrainforest communities are currently in a refugial stage.Widespread human-mediated reduction and conversion of theseforests in their refugial stage, when most species are passingthrough significant population bottlenecks,strongly emphasizesthe urgency of conservation and management efforts.Furtherresearch into the natural process of fragmentation and contractionduring deglaciation is necessary to understand the long-term effectof human activity on forest species.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 |2009年第27期|11188-11193|共6页
作者
Charles H.Cannon; Robert J. Morley; Andrew B.G.Bush;
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作者单位

Key Lab of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yunnan 666303, People__s Republic of China;

Palynova, Littleport, Cambs CB6 1PY, United Kingdom;

University of Alberta,Department of Earth and AtmosphericSciences,Edmonton,AB,Canada T6G 2R3;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
Understanding; relocation; necessary;

The current refugial rainforests of Sundalandare unrepresentative of their biogeographicpast and highly vulnerable to disturbance

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