Rhodiola rosea (Roseroot, Golden Root or Arctic Root) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the Crassulaceae family. Rhodiola radix and rhizome is a multipurpose medicinal herb with antidepressant, anticancer, cardio protective and central nervous system stimulating effects. For callus induction, leaves were excised from in vitro micropropagated Rhodiola rosea and placed on 18 variants of nutrient media containing MS basic medium supplement with BAP, 2-ip, kinetin, 2,4-D, IAA, NAA, casein hydrolysate and glutamine in different combinations and concentrations. The highest responses for callus formation (62.85 and 73.17) were observed on two media - containing 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L or 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. These two combinations of plant growth regulators proved less efficient when 1 g/L casein hydrolysate was added. Callogenesis was not observed in any of the variants containing 2-ip and most of the variants containing NAA. Callus growth rate and tissue characteristics varied depending on the culture media composition with a tendency of positive correlation between callus induction efficiency and callus growth in most of the variants. BAP in concentration of 1 mg/L favoured fast growing compact tissue with grain structure easy to be maintained. Callus growth continued for more than 6 months being subcultured each 20 days on the same initial medium. In the present pioneer study, optimal combinations and concentrations of phyto-regulators were determined for efficient induction and long-term callus cultivation allowing accumulation of biomass and biochemical analysis of valuable secondary metabolites.
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