Mechanics of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst wall

Dumètre A.; Dubey J.P.; Ferguson D.J.P.Bongrand P.Azas N.Puech P.-H.

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Mechanics of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst wall

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The ability of microorganisms to survive under extreme conditions is closely related to the physicochemical properties of their wall. In the ubiquitous protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the oocyst stage possesses a bilayered wall that protects the dormant but potentially infective parasites from harsh environmental conditions until their ingestion by the host. None of the common disinfectants are effective in killing the parasite because the oocyst wall acts as a primary barrier to physical and chemical attacks. Here, we address the structure and chemistry of the wall of the T. gondii oocyst by combining wall surface treatments, fluorescence imaging, EM, and measurements of its mechanical characteristics by using atomic force microscopy. Elasticity and indentation measurements indicated that the oocyst wall resembles common plastic materials, based on the Young moduli, E, evaluated by atomic force microscopy. Our study demonstrates that the inner layer is as robust as the bilayered wall itself. Besides wall mechanics, our results suggest important differences regarding the nonspecific adhesive properties of each layer. All together, these findings suggest a key biological role for the oocyst wall mechanics in maintaining the integrity of the T. gondii oocysts in the environment or after exposure to disinfectants, and therefore their potential infectivity to humans and animals.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 |2013年第28期|11535-11540|共6页
作者
Dumètre A.; Dubey J.P.; Ferguson D.J.P.Bongrand P.Azas N.Puech P.-H.;
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作者单位

Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, United States;

Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;

Inst. Natl. de la S. et de la Recherche Medicale U1067/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, FranceUMR Ministere de la Def. 3 Infections Parasitaires, Transmiss., Physiopathol. et Therapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
Oocyst integrity; Oocyst resistance; Oocyst structure; Toxoplasma infectivity; Transmission;

Mechanics of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst wall

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