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White markings in horses

机译：马中的白色斑纹

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摘要

White markings in horses result from the lack of melanocytes in the skin and hairs. The trait is characteristic of most breeds of domestic horses. In the breeding of the Polish Konik horse, which should resemble its wild ancestors, the lack of white markings was accepted as a selection criterion. The hcritability of the markings is high. MC1R and ASIP loci, as well as two other putative QTLs are involved in the appearance of white markings. A foal should inherit a number of genes from both parents tomake it possible for the markings to appear. The ultimate extent of markings is caused by the genes, as well as by intrauterine factors. The latter consist of accidental and random events which disturb the survival, migration and clonal proliferation ofmelanoblasts. The recessive e allele from MC1R locus and the dominant A allele from ASIP locus cause a greater extent of the markings, behaving as major genes. The most desired genotype of the Polish Konik horse. aaEEDD. which in inter se matings produces solely blue dun foals, is also the most desired with regard to the low amount of markings. To increase the progress in the Polish Konik breeding with regard to the absence of the markings, marked individuals and identified carriers of e allele shouldbe consistently eliminated fromreproduction.
机译：马中的白色痕迹是由于皮肤和头发中缺乏黑素细胞造成的。该特性是大多数家养马的特征。波兰科尼克（Konik）马的繁殖应像野生祖先一样，缺乏白色斑纹被视为选择标准。标记的易记性很高。 MC1R和ASIP位点以及其他两个假定的QTL涉及白色标记的出现。小马驹应该从父母双方那里继承许多基因，以使标记可能出现。标记的最终范围是由基因以及宫内因素引起的。后者包括意外事件和随机事件，这些事件干扰黑素细胞的存活，迁移和克隆增殖。来自MC1R基因座的隐性e等位基因和来自ASIP基因座的显性A等位基因引起较大范围的标记，表现为主要基因。波兰科尼克马最需要的基因型。 EEEDD。就其本身而言，其产生的蓝褐色小马驹也仅因其少量的标记而最为需要。为了增加波兰Konik育种在缺乏标记方面的进展，应始终从繁殖中消除标记的个体和已鉴定的e等位基因携带者。

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