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Effects of crowding and different food levels on growth and reproductive investment ofDaphnia

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摘要

The effects of daphniid crowding on juvenile growth rate, length at first reproduction, clutch size and egg size of four species ofDaphniawere compared with the effects of food level. JuvenileDaphniawere grown to primipary in a flow-through system in water conditioned by different densities of the same, or another, species. At high ambient food levels, water fromDaphniathat had been crowded at densities ≥150 l−1depressed growth rate and lowered body size and clutch size ofD. hyalinaandD. galeata; effects on the same traits ofD. magnaandD. pulicariawere variable (stimulation, depression, or no effect).D. hyalinaandD. galeataresponded to gradients of increasing daphniid density (0–300 l−1) by altering egg mass, somatic mass and clutch size to maintain a relatively constant reproductive investment; egg mass increased with crowding and then decreased in a pattern consistent with Glazier's (1992) hypothetical model of changes in offspring size in relation to food quantity and maternal demand. Effects of crowding by conspecifics were indistinguishable from those of other species. This study, which uncouples the effect of crowding per se from ambient resource depletion, shows that chemical substances released by high densities ofDaphniacan cause changes in life-history traits comparable to those that occur in response to low food

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  • 来源
    《oecologia》 |1995年第2期|234-244|共页
  • 作者

    CarolynW.Burns;

  • 作者单位

    Max-Planck Institute for Limnology;

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