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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. >Cardiolipin binds selectively but transiently to conserved lysine residues in the rotor of metazoan ATP synthases
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Cardiolipin binds selectively but transiently to conserved lysine residues in the rotor of metazoan ATP synthases

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摘要

The anionic lipid cardiolipin is an essential component of active ATP synthases. In metazoans, their rotors contain a ring of eight c-subunits consisting of inner and outer circles of N- and C-terminal alpha-helices, respectively. The beginning of the C-terminal alpha-helix contains a strictly conserved and fully trimethylated lysine residue in the lipid head group region of the membrane. Larger rings of known structure, from c(9)-c(15) in eubacteria and chloroplasts, conserve either a lysine or an arginine residue in the equivalent position. In computer simulations of hydrated membranes containing trimethylated or unmethylated bovine c(8)-rings and bacterial c(10)- or c(11)-rings, the head-groups of cardiolipin molecules became associated selectively with these modified and unmodified lysine residues and with adjacent polar amino acids and with a second conserved lysine on the opposite side of the membrane, whereas phosphatidyl lipids were attracted little to these sites. However, the residence times of cardiolipin molecules with the ring were brief and sufficient for the rotor to turn only a fraction of a degree in the active enzyme. With the demethylated c(8)-ring and with c(10)- and c(11)-rings, the density of bound cardiolipin molecules at this site increased, but residence times were not changed greatly. These highly specific but brief interactions with the rotating c-ring are consistent with functional roles for cardiolipin in stabilizing and lubricating the rotor, and, by interacting with the enzyme at the inlet and exit of the transmembrane proton channel, in participation in proton translocation through the membrane domain of the enzyme.

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