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Powder metallurgy: the process and its products

机译：粉末冶金：工艺及其产品

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THE PM process typically entails compressing a powder to produce a compact with sufficient cohesion to enable it to be handled safely; then heating in a protective atmosphere, to a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent. This sintering process welds the individual particles together, creating components with sufficient strength for their intended use. Wrought products also can be produced from powder and some scientifically exciting developments of great potential have taken place. One specialised variant on this process -production of Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) components - entails a heating step which cures a resin binder, added to insulate individual iron particles (no sintering occurs). In some cases, a minor constituent becomes molten at sintering temperature, and the process is referred to as liquid phase sintering. The amount of liquid phase must be limited so that the part retains its shape. Sometimes compaction is done at the elevated temperature; termed hot pressing, or pressure sintering. Often the sintered part is subjected to additional processing - repressing, plating; and in special cases, eg filter elements from spherical bronze powder, no pressure is used - the powder is heated in a shaped mould (loose powder sintering).
机译：粉末冶金工艺通常需要压缩粉末以产生具有足够内聚力的压粉，使其能够安全处理。然后在保护性气氛中加热到低于主要成分熔点的温度。该烧结过程将单个颗粒焊接在一起，从而产生具有足够强度的组件以达到其预期用途。锻造产品也可以由粉末制成，并且在科学上令人兴奋的发展潜力很大。该工艺的一个专门变型-生产软磁复合材料（SMC）组件-需进行加热步骤，以固化树脂粘合剂，并添加该粘合剂以隔离单个铁颗粒（不发生烧结）。在某些情况下，次要成分在烧结温度下会熔化，该过程称为液相烧结。必须限制液相的量，以使零件保持其形状。有时，在高温下进行压实。称为热压或压力烧结。通常，对烧结零件进行附加处理-压制，电镀;在特殊情况下，例如球形青铜粉过滤元件，无需使用压力-粉末在成型模具中加热（松散粉末烧结）。

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