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KYANITE, ANDALUSITE, SILLIMANITE AND MULLITE

机译：蓝晶石，红柱石，硅锰矿和马来石

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摘要

Kyanite, andalusite and sillimanite are naturally occurring aluminum silicate minerals characterized by high alumina content (>60 percent Al_2O_3), high melting point (>l,300 deg C or 2,372 deg F) and excellent refractory properties. As members of what is commonly referred to as the sillimanite group, the three minerals share a common chemical composition, Al_2SiO_5, but differing crystal structures and physical properties. Closely associated is the mineral mullite, Al_6Si_2O_(13), which occurs very rarely in nature, but is synthetically produced by heating (calcining) minerals of the sillimanite group. When calcined, kyanite typically yields about 88 percent mullite and 12 percent free silica mainly as cristobalite (SiO_2). Synthetic mullite contains alumina ranging from 50 percent to 70 percent (as Al_2O_3), low iron (<1 percent Fe_2O_3), has a very high melting point (1,810 deg C or 3,290 deg F). It is extremely stable volumetrically in high temperature industrial applications. Synthetic mullite can also be produced by sintering mixtures of other sources of alumina and silica, such as high purity bauxite and kaolin clay.
机译：蓝晶石，红柱石和硅线石是天然存在的硅酸铝矿物，其特征在于高氧化铝含量（> 60％Al_2O_3），高熔点（> 1300摄氏度或2372摄氏度）和优异的耐火性能。作为通常称为硅线石族的成员，这三种矿物具有相同的化学成分Al_2SiO_5，但具有不同的晶体结构和物理性质。密切相关的是莫来石矿物Al_6Si_2O_（13），它在自然界中很少出现，但是是通过加热（煅烧）硅线石族矿物合成产生的。煅烧时，蓝晶石通常产生约88％的莫来石和12％的游离二氧化硅，主要是方石英（SiO_2）。合成富铝红柱石所含氧化铝的含量范围为50％至70％（按Al_2O_3计），低铁（<1％Fe_2O_3），具有非常高的熔点（1,810摄氏度或3,290摄氏度）。在高温工业应用中，其体积极其稳定。合成莫来石也可以通过烧结氧化铝和二氧化硅的其他来源的混合物来生产，例如高纯铝土矿和高岭土。

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