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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology >Exposures to FDC synthetic color additives from over-the-counter medications and vitamins in United States children and pregnant women
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Exposures to FDC synthetic color additives from over-the-counter medications and vitamins in United States children and pregnant women

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Abstract Background Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Drug and Cosmetic (FDC) synthetic color additives (SCAs) have been associated with attentional and behavioral problems in children. Efforts to quantify exposure have focused on foods, while the contribution of medications and supplements remains unknown.Objective To estimate exposures to SCAs in children (2–16 years) and pregnant women from intake of common over-the-counter (OTC) medications and vitamins.Methods We estimated single-day exposure (mg/kg/day) to FDC SCAs based on measurements of 25 different products and recommended dosages on product labels. Exposures were compared to SCA exposure estimates from food we previously developed and acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) established by FDA and the World Health Organization.Results The highest exposure was found for FDC Red No. 40 in a children’s cold/cough/allergy syrup. A child aged 12–16 years consuming the maximum daily dosage would have an exposure of 0.221?mg/kg/day, which is twice this age group’s typical exposure to this additive from food. No estimated exposures exceeded the ADIs.Significance Some children’s OTC medications and vitamins may cause daily SCA exposures comparable to those from foods. OTC medications and vitamins should be considered in efforts to quantify population exposure to FDC SCAs.Impact Exposure to synthetic color additives (SCAs) from foods has been associated with behavioral problems in children. Exposures from over-the-counter (OTC) medications and vitamins remain unquantified despite widespread use. We estimated exposures in children and pregnant women for 25 different OTC medication and vitamin products sold in the United States. While exposures were below acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) established by the US Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization, some were comparable to typical daily exposures from foods. This work critically informs future SCA exposure assessments and provides valuable information for parents concerned about the health effects of SCAs.

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