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a tale of two radars

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After years of operating Typhoons equipped with mechanically-scanned (M-Scan) radar, the Royal Air Force (RAF) looks forward to receiving a radar with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) for a small subset of its Typhoon fighters towards the end of the decade. They are known as the ECRS.Mk 2 and this electronically-scanned (E-Scan) radar promises to offer game-changing capabilities, adding an extraordinarily wide field of regard and electronic attack capabilities to the 'traditional' benefits of AESA radars. Remarkably, Typhoons now being delivered to Kuwait and Qatar feature an entirely different E-Scan radar - the ECRS.Mk 0 which represents a dramatic improvement over Typhoon's existing M-Scan Captor radar and, indeed, over other in-service AESA radars. When Typhoon entered service, its M-Scan Captor-C radar quickly gained an enviable reputation, and an AESA radar did not seem like a high priority, despite the promised improvements in reliability and resistance to countermeasures and the potential simultaneous multi-role functionality and more accurate tracking. These advantages arise from the fact that instead of steering the radar 'beam' by moving and 'pointing' the entire antenna array, an AESA radar steers beams (and there can be many beams) by phase shifting between the individual transmit/ receive modules, thereby steering the beam electronically. The drawback is that doing so consumes power, reducing the range as the beam is steered away from boresight.

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