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Quantum states made to measure

机译：量度量子态

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摘要

Precision measurements lie at the heart of modern science and engineering.To determine any parameter of an object (for example, position, speed, mass,frequency or phase), a probe, such as a light beam or a collection of atoms, is made to interact with the object such that the state of the probe is altered depending on the value of the parameter of interest.Ultimately the probe must be considered quantum mechanical, which limits the sensitivity of the arrangement — the quantum states of the probe cannot be distinguished perfectly, even in principle.Proper understanding of the limits of precision set by this indeterminacy requires consideration of what resources are used in building the probe, and what imperfections, such as loss of the probe particles or noise leading to random corruption of the probe state, are present in the device. Quantum optics is making impressive advances in exploring these questions.
机译：精密测量是现代科学和工程学的核心。为了确定物体的任何参数（例如位置，速度，质量，频率或相位），需要制作探针，例如光束或原子集合与物体相互作用，以使探针的状态根据感兴趣的参数的值而改变。最终，必须将探针视为量子力学的，这限制了排列的灵敏度—无法区分探针的量子态正确理解由这种不确定性所设置的精度极限需要考虑使用哪些资源来构建探针，以及哪些缺陷，例如探针颗粒的丢失或导致探针状态随机破坏的噪声，存在于设备中。量子光学在探索这些问题方面取得了令人瞩目的进步。

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