Role of Human Action in the Spread of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Pathogens

Owen Robert

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Role of Human Action in the Spread of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Pathogens

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The increased annual losses in European honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in North America and some other countries is usually attributed to a range of factors including pathogens, poor nutrition, and insecticides. In this essay, I will argue that the global trade in honey bees and migratory beekeeping practices within countries has enabled pathogens to spread quickly. Beekeepers' management strategies have also contributed to the spread of pathogens as well as the development of resistance to miticides and antibiotics, and exacerbated by hobby beekeepers. The opportunities for arresting honey bee declines rest as strongly with individual beekeepers as they do with the dynamics of disease.

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《Journal of Economic Entomology》 |2017年第3期|797-801|共5页
作者
Owen Robert;
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作者单位

Univ Melbourne, Dept Biosci, Carlton, Vic 3010, Australia;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类应用昆虫学（经济昆虫学）;
关键词
Apis mellifera; pathogen; global spread; beekeeper; management practice;

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4. The morphometric of worker honey bee, Apis cerana Fabr. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from bee farm in different ecosystem from district of Gunungkidul and Kulonprogo [C] . Hana Widiawati, Nabiilatunnisa, RC Hidayat Soesilohadi International Conference on Biological Science . 2020

机译：工作者蜂蜜蜂，Apis cerana fabr的形态量。（Hymenoptera：Apidae）来自Gunungkidul和Kulonprogo区的不同生态系统中的蜜蜂农场
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机译：评估和比较中国蜜蜂Apis Cerana（Hymenoptera：Apidae）和意大利蜜蜂（Apis Mellifera Ligustica（Hymenoptera：Apidae）的自然细胞结构和尺寸
6. Figure 1 from: Kitnya N, Prabhudev MV, Bhatta CP, Pham TH, Nidup T, Megu K, Chakravorty J, Brockmann A, Otis GW (2020) Geographical distribution of the giant honey bee Apis laboriosa Smith, 1871 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 951: 67-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.951.49855 [O] . Nyaton Kitnya, M. V. Prabhudev, Chet Prasad Bhatta, 2020

机译：图1来自：Kitnya N，Prabhudev MV，Bhatta CP，Pham Th，Nidup T，Megu K，Chakravorty J，Brockmann A，Otis GW（2020）Giant Honey Bee Apis Galsiosa Smith的地理分布，1871（Hymenoptera，Apidae）。 Zookeys 951：67-81。 https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.951.49855

Role of Human Action in the Spread of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Pathogens

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