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首页> 外文期刊>Neurosurgery >Virtual endoscopy for planning and simulation of minimally invasive neurosurgery.
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Virtual endoscopy for planning and simulation of minimally invasive neurosurgery.

机译：虚拟内窥镜用于微创神经外科手术的计划和模拟。

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OBJECTIVE: This article demonstrates the usefulness and the problems of present-state software for virtual endoscopy as a tool for the planning and simulation of minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures. METHODS: The software Navigator (General Electric Medical Systems, Buc, France) was applied for virtual endoscopic visualization of three-dimensional magnetic resonance data sets of healthy volunteers and neurosurgical patients, using a clinical magnetic resonance scanner (1.5-T Signa Hispeed; General Electric Medical Systems). Classical approaches for minimally invasive procedures were simulated. RESULTS: Virtual endoscopy provided impressive three-dimensional views of intracranial and intracerebral cavities, with visualization of many anatomic details of the brain's inner and outer surfaces. The method proved to be especially suited for the simulation and planning of operations of intraventricular lesions, for which the technical limitations of the present state of development of this method have fewer implications. However, the present state of technology, as described in this article, has two major shortcomings: 1) the blood vessels cannot be visualized together with the brain tissue and cranial nerves; and 2) different tissue compartments cannot be stained in their original coloring, which would facilitate their recognition and thus orientation in space by anatomic landmarks. Another important disadvantage at this stage is time consumption for many single working steps. CONCLUSION: Virtual endoscopy is a promising tool for teaching and training in intracranial neuroanatomy as well as for planning and simulation of minimally invasive (e.g., endoscopic), mainly intraventricular, operations. Direct clinical application is, at this stage of development, limited by several technical shortcomings of visualization and quantification of distances and modeling of surfaces.
机译：目的：本文演示了虚拟内窥镜现状软件作为计划和仿真微创神经外科手术工具的实用性和存在的问题。方法：使用临床磁共振扫描仪（1.5-T Signa Hispeed;通用）将软件Navigator（法国通用电气医疗系统公司，法国Buc）用于健康志愿者和神经外科患者的三维磁共振数据集的虚拟内窥镜可视化。电气医疗系统）。模拟了微创手术的经典方法。结果：虚拟内窥镜检查提供了令人印象深刻的三维颅内和脑腔三维视图，并可视化了大脑内，外表面的许多解剖学细节。事实证明，该方法特别适用于脑室内病变的模拟和计划，因为对于这种方法的发展现状，其技术局限性较小。但是，如本文所述，目前的技术状态有两个主要缺点：1）血管与脑组织和颅神经不能一起可视化; 2）不同的组织隔室不能以其原始颜色染色，这将有助于它们的识别并因此通过解剖标志物在空间中定向。此阶段的另一个重要缺点是许多单个工作步骤的时间消耗。结论：虚拟内窥镜是用于颅内神经解剖学的教学和培训以及微创（例如内窥镜）手术（主要是脑室内）的计划和模拟的有前途的工具。在发展的这一阶段，直接的临床应用受到可视化和距离量化以及表面建模的技术缺陷的限制。

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