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Avian use of solid waste transfer stations

机译：禽类固体废物转运站的使用

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Transfer stations are an important component of modern solid waste management systems. Solid waste management facilities (e.g., landfills) are very attractive to and used by many birds, resulting in a variety of health and safety problems, including disease transmission to humans and increased risk of wildlife-aircraft collisions. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration recommends municipal solid waste management facilities (e.g., landfills, transfer stations) not be sited within 8 km of an airport. Little information is available regarding the attractiveness of transfer stations to birds or the factors that might influence avian use, particularly on a national scale. The objectives of my study were to: (1) quantify avian use of transfer stations, (2) determine if building design features influence their attractiveness to birds, and (3) determine if other factors (e.g., season, geographic location, operational procedures) influence bird use. Twenty-nine waste transfer facilities and 4 control sites, located in 7 states (representative of various U.S. geographical regions) were studied. Avian abundance and activity was quantified at each facility and control site twice per week for one year. Nuisance bird species commonly observed using transfer stations (e.g., feeding on refuse) included gulls. European starlings, and crows. Patterns of wildlife use at transfer stations varied by season, geographic location, transfer station building design, and on-site management characteristics. Overall, this study demonstrates that wildlife use of transfer stations, particularly by nuisance birds, can be substantial
机译：转运站是现代固体废物管理系统的重要组成部分。固体废物管理设施（例如垃圾填埋场）对许多鸟类非常有吸引力并被许多鸟类所使用，从而导致各种健康和安全问题，包括疾病传染给人类以及野生生物与飞机相撞的风险增加。在美国，联邦航空管理局（Federal Aviation Administration）建议不要在距机场8公里的范围内放置市政固体废物管理设施（例如，垃圾填埋场，转运站）。关于中转站对鸟类的吸引力或可能影响禽类使用的因素（特别是在国家范围内）的信息很少。我研究的目的是：（1）量化鸟类对转运站的使用，（2）确定建筑设计特征是否影响它们对鸟类的吸引力，以及（3）确定是否其他因素（例如季节，地理位置，操作程序） ）影响鸟类的使用。研究了位于7个州（代表美国各个地理区域）的29个废物转运设施和4个控制点。一年中每周两次在每个设施和控制站点对禽类的丰度和活动进行定量。通常使用中转站（例如以垃圾为食）观察到的有害鸟类包括海鸥。欧洲star鸟和乌鸦。换乘站野生动物的使用方式因季节，地理位置，换乘站建筑物设计和现场管理特点而异。总体而言，这项研究表明，野生动植物特别是滋扰鸟类对转运站的利用可能很大

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