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首页> 外文期刊>Laterality >Retraining left-handers and the aetiology of stuttering: The rise and fall of an intriguing theory
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Retraining left-handers and the aetiology of stuttering: The rise and fall of an intriguing theory

机译：再培训左撇子和口吃的病因：一个有趣的理论的兴衰

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Many twentieth-century British and American educators, psychologists, and psychiatrists advocated forcing left-handed children to write with their right hands. These experts asserted that a child's decision to rely on his or her left hand was a reflection of a defiant personality that could best be corrected by forcible switching. The methods used to retrain left-handers were often tortuous, including restraining a resistant child's left hand. In contrast, those who saw left-handedness as inherited, but natural, not only disapproved of forced switching, but also often warned of its putative negative consequences, especially stuttering. These claims were given credence in the 1930s by influential University of Iowa researchers, including psychiatrist S. T. Orton, psychologist L. E. Travis, and their students. From the late 1920s until the 1950s, the Iowa researchers published articles and books connecting the etiology of stuttering to forcing natural left-handers to write and perform other tasks with their right hand. Based on their clinical studies these practitioners concluded that stutterers displayed weak laterality. The Iowa group also published detailed case studies of patients whose stuttering was putatively cured by the restoration of their left-handedness. By the late-1940s, the connection between stuttering and retraining evaporated, due in large part to the growing dominance of psychoanalytic psychiatry. Despite robust statistical and clinical evidence, the connection between forced hand switching and stuttering has largely been forgotten. Recent imaging studies of stutterers, however, have suggested that stuttering is tied to disturbed signal transmission between the hemispheres. Similar to the Iowa researchers of the 1930s, current investigators have found connections between stuttering and weak laterality.
机译：许多20世纪的英美两国的教育工作者，心理学家和精神病学家都主张强迫左撇子孩子用右手写字。这些专家断言，儿童决定依靠他或她的左手是对挑衅性格的反映，最好通过强制转换来纠正。用来训练左撇子的方法通常是曲折的，包括约束有抵抗力的孩子的左手。相反，那些认为惯用左撇子是自然的人，不仅反对强迫切换，而且经常警告其惯用的负面后果，尤其是结结巴巴。 1930年代，有影响力的爱荷华大学研究人员（包括心理医生S. T. Orton，心理学家L. E. Travis和他们的学生）对这些主张给予了信任。从1920年代后期到1950年代，爱荷华州的研究人员发表文章和书籍，将口吃的病因与强迫自然的惯用左手的人用右手书写和执行其他任务联系起来。根据他们的临床研究，这些从业人员得出结论，口吃者表现出较弱的侧倾性。爱荷华州的研究小组还发表了详细的病例研究，研究了其左撇子的恢复可以治愈口吃的情况。到1940年代后期，口吃和再培训之间的联系已经消失，这在很大程度上是由于精神分析精神病学日益占主导地位。尽管有可靠的统计和临床证据，但在很大程度上已经忘记了强制手切换和口吃之间的联系。然而，最近对口吃者的影像学研究表明，口吃与半球之间的信号传输受干扰有关。与1930年代的爱荷华州研究人员相似，目前的研究人员发现口吃和弱侧向性之间存在联系。

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