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首页> 外文期刊>Dalton transactions: An international journal of inorganic chemistry >Growth mechanism and photocatalytic activity of self-organized N-doped (BiO)_2CO_3 hierarchical nanosheet microspheres from bismuth citrate and urea
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Growth mechanism and photocatalytic activity of self-organized N-doped (BiO)_2CO_3 hierarchical nanosheet microspheres from bismuth citrate and urea

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摘要

Synthesis of nano-/microstructured functional materials with 3D hierarchical microspheres structure has provided new opportunities for optimizing their physical and chemical properties. This work revealed a new growth mechanism of self-organized N-doped (BiO)_2CO_3 hierarchical microspheres which were fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of bismuth citrate and urea without an additive. Based on time-dependent observation, several evolution processes were believed to account for the formation of the selforganized N-doped (BiO)_2CO_3 hierarchical microspheres. Initially, crystallized (BiO)_4CO_3(OH)_2 particles were formed during the nucleation and crystallization processes. Subsequently, the intermediate(BiO)_4CO_3(OH)_2 reacted with CO_3~(2-) to generate (BiO)_2CO_3 growth nuclei on the surface of the CO_2 bubbles which can act as heterogeneous nucleation centers. Next, the (BiO)_2CO_3 growth nuclei aggregated together after the consumption of CO_2 bubbles with the increased concentration of OH~- and further grew to be nanosheets. The microspheres constructed by small nanosheets further grew with the consumption of small particles. Finally, all (BiO)_4CO_3(OH)_2 transformed to the (BiO)_2CO_3 phase, accompanied by the doping of N element into the lattice of (BiO)_2CO_3, and thereby, the well-defined N-doped (BiO)_2CO_3 hierarchical microspheres were shaped. Depending on the distance between neighboring CO_2 bubbles, the resulting microspheres can be linked or dispersed. Besides, the gradual release of CO_2 bubbles and CO_3~(2-) played a crucial role in controlling the nucleation and growth process, resulting in different sizes of microspheres. The fabricated N-doped (BiO)_2CO_3 hierarchical microspheres displayed admirably efficient and durable photocatalytic activity under both UV and visible light towards removal of NO, which is mainly attributed to the introduction of N element and the special hierarchical structure. This work provides new insights into the controlled synthesis of photocatalytic nano/microstructures for potential environmental and energetic applications.

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