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β-granule transport and exocytosis

机译:β颗粒转运和胞吐作用

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Regulated β-granule exocytosis is critical for the ability of the β-cell to finely control body glucose homeostasis. This is now understood to be a multistage process whereby β-granules are transported from biosynthetic/storage sites in the cell cytoplasm and targeted to specific regions of the plasma membrane. Exocytosis is achieved when these granules are triggered to fuse with the membrane by an elevated cytosolic Ca~(2+). Dramatic advances have been made recently in our understanding of the protein-protein interactions and regulatory signals that govern intracellular transport and fusion. Although best understood for exocytosis from neurons and neuroendocrine cells, similar processes are thought to be conserved in the β-cell.
机译:调节的β颗粒胞吐作用对于β细胞精确控制体内葡萄糖稳态的能力至关重要。现在,这被认为是一个多阶段的过程,其中β-颗粒从细胞质中的生物合成/储存位点转运出来,并靶向质膜的特定区域。当这些颗粒被升高的胞质Ca〜(2+)触发与膜融合时,就可以实现胞吐作用。最近,在我们对控制细胞内转运和融合的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和调节信号的理解方面取得了巨大进步。尽管对于神经元和神经内分泌细胞的胞吐作用最好地理解,但认为类似的过程在β细胞中是保守的。

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