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A New Ground Truth Data Set For Seismic Studies

机译：用于地震研究的新地面真理数据集

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Ground truth seismic sources and receivers are the seismologist’s equivalent of the geodesist’s “benchmark.” Geodesists measure distances between benchmarks on the surface of the Earth to infer the Earth’s shape. Seismologists measure seismic traveltimes between sources and receivers to image the Earth’s interior velocities. However, unlike geodesists who precisely locate both ends of their benchmark network in a well-defined coordinate system, seismologists rarely know the precise location (or origin time) of their source “benchmark.” Consequently, source location biases fold into tomographic images of the Earth’s interior. Joint source location and velocity inversion mitigates but does not remove these fundamental biases (e.g., Zhang and Thurber 2003; Michelini and Lomax 2004). In recognition of this problem, seismologists either incorporate “ground truth” (GT) events with well-established source locations and origin times into their inversions or use them in test relocation exercises to assess or validate their velocity models (e.g., Flanagan et al. 2007; Morozov et al. 2005; Murphy et al. 2005; Ritzwoller et al. 2003; Yang et al. 2004). In some cases, the events may have been used in both the model inversion and the model assessment. Until recently, the catalogs of these events (and their arrival times) have been largely limited to nuclear explosions detonated at a few test sites. Several efforts over the last decade have attempted to collect data for an extended family of seismic events with varying degrees of location, depth, and origin time uncertainty (e.g. Bondár, Engdahl et al. 2004; Waldhauser and Richards 2004). This article reports on a newly available catalog of GT0-5 events and their quality-controlled arrival times.
机译：地面真实地震的震源和接收器相当于地震学家的大地测量师的“基准”。大地测量师测量地球表面基准之间的距离，以推断出地球的形状。地震学家测量了震源与受震器之间的地震传播时间，以成像地球的内部速度。但是，与大地测量学家无法在一个定义明确的坐标系中精确定位基准网络的两端相比，地震学家很少知道其源“基准”的精确位置（或起始时间）。因此，源位置偏差会折叠成地球内部的断层图像。联合震源位置和速度反演可以缓解但不能消除这些基本偏差（例如Zhang和Thurber 2003; Michelini和Lomax 2004）。认识到这个问题，地震学家要么将“地道真相”（GT）事件与已确定的震源位置和始发时间结合起来，要么将其用于测试搬迁演习中，以评估或验证其速度模型（例如，Flanagan等。 2007; Morozov等人2005; Murphy等人2005; Ritzwoller等人2003; Yang等人2004）。在某些情况下，事件可能已在模型反演和模型评估中使用。直到最近，这些事件的目录（以及它们的到达时间）在很大程度上还局限于在一些测试地点爆炸的核爆炸。在过去的十年中，已经进行了数项努力，试图收集具有不同程度的位置，深度和始发时间不确定性的大范围地震事件的数据（例如Bondár，Engdahl等人2004; Waldhauser和Richards 2004）。本文报告了GT0-5事件及其质量控制的到达时间的最新可用目录。

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