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The induced magnetospheres of mars, venus, and titan

机译：火星，金星和泰坦的感应磁层

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This article summarizes and aims at comparing the main features of the induced magnetospheres of Mars, Venus and Titan. All three objects form a well-defined induced magnetosphere (IM) and magnetotail as a consequence of the interaction of an external wind of plasma with the ionosphere and the exosphere of these objects. In all three, photoionization seems to be the most important ionization process. In all three, the IM displays a clear outer boundary characterized by an enhancement of magnetic field draping and massloading, along with a change in the plasma composition, a decrease in the plasma temperature, a deflection of the external flow, and, at least for Mars and Titan, an increase of the total density. Also, their magnetotail geometries follow the orientation of the upstream magnetic field and flow velocity under quasi-steady conditions. Exceptions to this are fossil fields observed at Titan and the near Mars regions where crustal fields dominate the magnetic topology. Magnetotails also concentrate the escaping plasma flux from these three objects and similar acceleration mechanisms are thought to be at work. In the case of Mars and Titan, global reconfiguration of the magnetic field topology (reconnection with the crustal sources and exits into Saturn's magnetosheath, respectively) may lead to important losses of plasma. Finally, an ionospheric boundary related to local photoelectron signals may be, in the absence of other sources of pressure (crustal fields) a signature of the ultimate boundary to the external flow.
机译：本文总结并旨在比较火星，金星和土卫六的感应磁层的主要特征。由于等离子的外部风与这些物体的电离层和外层层之间的相互作用，所有这三个物体都形成了定义明确的感应磁层（IM）和磁尾。在这三者中，光电离似乎是最重要的电离过程。在这三者中，IM均显示出清晰的外部边界，其特征在于磁场悬垂性和质量负载的增强，以及等离子体成分的变化，等离子体温度的降低，外部流的偏转，以及至少对于火星和土卫六增加了总密度。同样，它们的磁尾几何形状在准稳态条件下遵循上游磁场的方向和流速。在土卫六和火星附近地区观察到的化石场是例外，在这些化石场中，地壳磁场占主导地位。磁尾翼还集中了从这三个物体逸出的等离子体通量，并且类似的加速机制也被认为在起作用。在火星和土卫六的情况下，磁场拓扑结构的整体重新配置（分别与地壳源重新连接并进入土星的磁石场）可能会导致等离子体的重大损失。最后，在没有其他压力源（地壳场）的情况下，与局部光电子信号有关的电离层边界可能是外部流最终边界的标志。

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