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首页> 外文期刊>Surveys in Geophysics: An International Review Journal of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences >Total Solar Irradiance Observations
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Total Solar Irradiance Observations

机译：太阳总辐射观测

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The record of total solar irradiance (TSI) during the past 35 years has overlapping observations from space which can be merged to a composite, and three are available, namely the PMOD, the ACRIM and the IRMB composites. There are important differences between them, which are discussed in detail in order to find the best representation of solar variability during the last three cycles, for the following discussions of solar irradiance variability. Moreover, the absolute value of TSI from TIM on SORCE is 1,361 Wm ~(-2), substantially lower than the value 1,365 Wm ~(-2), which was observed by the classical radiometers. New results from specific experiments are now available, which are discussed in order to define the value to be used in, e. g., climate models. The most important issue regarding the recent TSI records is the low value observed during the minimum in 2009, which is 25% of a typical cycle amplitude lower than the value in 1996. The validity of this low value has been confirmed by comparing all existing TSI observations during cycle 23. On the other hand, activity indices, such as the sunspot number, the 10. 7-cm radio flux (F10. 7), the CaII and MgII indices and also the Ly-α irradiance or the frequency changes in low-order p modes, show a much smaller decreases relative to their respective typical cycle amplitude. It is most likely that an increasing contrast of the facular and network elements with decreasing magnetic field is responsible for this discrepancy. The value of TSI at minima is correlated with the open magnetic field of the Sun, B _R, at minima. Using B _R at minima, interpolated linearly in between as a fourth component of a proxy model based on the photometric sunspot index and on the MgII index improves the explanation of the variance of TSI over the full period of the last three solar cycles to 84. 7%. Results from other models are also discussed.
机译：在过去的35年中，总太阳辐照度（TSI）记录有来自太空的重叠观测结果，可以合并为一个合成物，并且可以使用三种，即PMOD，ACRIM和IRMB合成物。它们之间存在重要的差异，下面将详细讨论这些差异，以便找到最近三个周期内最佳的太阳可变性表示形式，以便进行以下有关太阳辐照度可变性的讨论。此外，在SORCE上来自TIM的TSI的绝对值是1,361 Wm〜（-2），大大低于传统辐射计观察到的值1,365 Wm〜（-2）。现在可以利用来自特定实验的新结果，对这些新结果进行讨论，以便定义要在例如例如，气候模型。关于最近的TSI记录，最重要的问题是在2009年的最低值期间观察到的低值，该值是典型周期幅度的25％，比1996年的值低。通过比较所有现有的TSI，可以确认该低值的有效性在周期23期间的观测结果。另一方面，活动指数，例如太阳黑子数，10。7厘米无线电通量（F10。7），CaII和MgII指数以及Ly-α辐照度或频率变化。相对于它们各自的典型周期幅度，低阶p模式的减小幅度要小得多。最有可能的是，随着磁场的减小，眼部和网络元件的反差增加是造成这种差异的原因。最小值处的TSI值与最小值处太阳的开放磁场B_R相关。使用最小值B_R作为基于光度太阳黑子指数和MgII指数的代理模型的第四部分，在两者之间进行线性插值可将TSI在最近三个太阳周期的整个周期内的方差改进为84。 7％。还讨论了其他模型的结果。

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