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首页> 外文期刊>Surveys in Geophysics: An International Review Journal of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences >Recent Results from Studies of Electric Discharges in the Mesosphere
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Recent Results from Studies of Electric Discharges in the Mesosphere

机译：中层放电研究的最新结果

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The paper reviews recent advances in studies of electric discharges in the stratosphere and mesosphere above thunderstorms, and their effects on the atmosphere. The primary focus is on the sprite discharge occurring in the mesosphere, which is the most commonly observed high altitude discharge by imaging cameras from the ground, but effects on the upper atmosphere by electromagnetic radiation from lightning are also considered. During the past few years, co-ordinated observations over Southern Europe have been made of a wide range of parameters related to sprites and their causative thunderstorms. Observations have been complemented by the modelling of processes ranging from the electric discharge to perturbations of trace gas concentrations in the upper atmosphere. Observations point to significant energy deposition by sprites in the neutral atmosphere as observed by infrasound waves detected at up to 1000 km distance, whereas elves and lightning have been shown significantly to affect ionization and heating of the lower ionosphere/mesosphere. Studies of the thunderstorm systems powering high altitude discharges show the important role of intracloud (IC) lightning in sprite generation as seen by the first simultaneous observations of IC activity, sprite activity and broadband, electromagnetic radiation in the VLF range. Simulations of sprite ignition suggest that, under certain conditions, energetic electrons in the runaway regime are generated in streamer discharges. Such electrons may be the source of X- and Gamma-rays observed in lightning, thunderstorms and the so-called Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) observed from space over thunderstorm regions. Model estimates of sprite perturbations to the global atmospheric electric circuit, trace gas concentrations and atmospheric dynamics suggest significant local perturbations, and possibly significant meso-scale effects, but negligible global effects.
机译：本文回顾了雷暴上方平流层和中层层中的放电及其对大气影响的研究的最新进展。主要焦点是发生在中层的子画面放电，这是成像相机从地面观察到的最常见的高空放电，但也要考虑闪电产生的电磁辐射对高层大气的影响。在过去的几年中，对南欧进行了协调一致的观测，涉及与精灵及其致雷暴相关的各种参数。通过对从放电到高层大气中痕量气体浓度的扰动范围内的过程进行建模，对观察进行了补充。观测表明，在长达1000 km的距离处检测到的次声波都表明，在中性大气中子星会大量沉积能量，而精灵和闪电已被证明会显着影响下部电离层/中层的电离和加热。对高空放电供电的雷暴系统的研究表明，云雾（IC）闪电在子画面生成中的重要作用，这是通过对IC活动，子画面活动以及宽带，电磁辐射在VLF范围内的首次同时观测得到的。 ignition点火的模拟表明，在某些条件下，在流光放电中会产生失控状态的高能电子。此类电子可能是闪电，雷暴中观察到的X射线和伽玛射线的来源，以及雷暴地区上空观察到的所谓的地面伽玛射线闪光（TGF）。精灵对全球大气电路的扰动，痕量气体浓度和大气动力学的模型估计表明，存在明显的局部扰动，可能还有明显的中尺度效应，但整体效应可忽略不计。

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