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Vector species richness increases haemorrhagic disease prevalence through functional diversity modulating the duration of seasonal transmission

机译:媒介物种丰富度通过调节季节性传播的持续时间的功能多样性增加了出血性疾病的流行

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摘要

Although many parasites are transmitted between hosts by a suite of arthropod vectors, the impact of vector biodiversity on parasite transmission is poorly understood. Positive relationships between host infection prevalence and vector species richness (SR) may operate through multiple mechanisms, including (i) increased vector abundance, (ii) a sampling effect in which species of high vectorial capacity are more likely to occur in species-rich communities, and (iii) functional diversity whereby communities comprised species with distinct phenologies may extend the duration of seasonal transmission. Teasing such mechanisms apart is impeded by a lack of appropriate data, yet could highlight a neglected role for functional diversity in parasite transmission. We used statistical modelling of extensive host, vector and microparasite data to test the hypothesis that functional diversity leading to longer seasonal transmission explained variable levels of disease in a wildlife population. We additionally developed a simple transmission model to guide our expectation of how an increased transmission season translates to infection prevalence. Our study demonstrates that vector SR is associated with increased levels of disease reporting, but not via increases in vector abundance or via a sampling effect. Rather, the relationship operates by extending the length of seasonal transmission, in line with theoretical predictions.
机译:尽管许多节肢动物通过一套节肢动物媒介在宿主之间传播,但对媒介生物多样性对寄生虫传播的影响知之甚少。寄主感染率与媒介物种丰富度(SR)之间的正相关关系可能通过多种机制起作用,包括(i)媒介载体丰度增加;(ii)采样效应,其中高矢量能力物种更可能出现在物种丰富的社区中;以及(iii)功能多样性,即由社区组成的具有不同物候特征的物种可能会延长季节性传播的持续时间。缺乏适当的数据阻碍了分开这种机制,但可能突出了寄生虫传播中功能多样性被忽略的作用。我们使用了大量宿主,载体和微寄生虫数据的统计模型来检验以下假设:功能多样性导致更长的季节性传播,解释了野生动植物种群中疾病的可变水平。我们还开发了一个简单的传播模型,以指导我们对传播季节增加如何转化为感染率的期望。我们的研究表明,载体SR与疾病报告水平的提高有关,但与载体丰度的提高或采样效果无关。相反,这种关系通过延长季节性传播的长度来运作,这与理论预测一致。

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