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Dynamics of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle

机译：牛besnoitia besnoiti感染的动力学

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摘要

Bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. This disease progresses in two sequential phases: a febrile acute phase with oedemas and respiratory disorders, and a chronic phase characterized by the presence of subcutaneous tissue cysts and skin lesions. Serious consequences of the infection are poor body condition, sterility in bulls and eventual death. The role of host/parasite-dependent factors, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, is not yet fully elucidated. Isolate/strain virulence, parasite stage, dose and the route of parasite inoculation were studied under different experimental conditions, which make it difficult to compare the results. Data on host-dependent factors obtained from naturally infected cattle showed that (i) the seroprevalence of infection is similar in both sexes; (ii) seropositivity increases with age; (iii) both beef and dairy cattle are susceptible to the infection; and (iv) the cell-mediated immune response is likely to play a major role because a T cell response has been observed around several tissue cysts. Whether colostral antibodies are protective and to what extent the humoral immune response might reflect the disease/protection status require further research. Thus, a well-established experimental bovine model could help to clarify these important questions. The dynamics of B. besnoiti infection in cattle and available knowledge on relevant factors in the pathogenesis of the infection are reviewed in the present work.
机译：牛Besnoitiosis是由形成囊肿的apicomplexan寄生虫Besnoitia besnoiti引起的。该疾病以两个连续的阶段发展：具有水肿和呼吸障碍的高热急性期，以及以皮下组织囊肿和皮肤损伤的存在为特征的慢性期。感染的严重后果是身体状况差，公牛不育和最终死亡。在疾病的发病机理中起主要作用的宿主/寄生虫依赖性因子的作用尚未完全阐明。在不同的实验条件下研究了分离株/菌株的毒力，寄生虫的分期，剂量和接种途径，这使得比较结果变得困难。从自然感染的牛身上获得的宿主依赖性因子的数据表明：（i）两种动物的血清感染率相似; （ii）血清反应阳性随年龄增加; （iii）牛肉和奶牛都容易受到感染; （iv）细胞介导的免疫反应可能起主要作用，因为在几个组织囊肿周围已观察到T细胞反应。初乳抗体是否具有保护性，以及体液免疫反应在多大程度上可以反映疾病/保护状态，尚需进一步研究。因此，一个完善的实验牛模型可以帮助阐明这些重要问题。本工作综述了牛B.nosnoiti感染的动力学以及感染发病机理中有关因素的可用知识。

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