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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Magazine Letters >Stable singular or negative stiffness systems in the presence of energy flux
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Stable singular or negative stiffness systems in the presence of energy flux

机译：在存在能量通量的情况下稳定的奇异或负刚度系统

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摘要

We report stable systems which exhibit quasistatic stiffness that can be negative or tend to infinity without external constraint. They are based on coupled fields in the non-equilibrium presence of energy flux that is modulated by force. They evade thermodynamic restrictions by relaxing a restrictive assumption: equilibrium. Negative values of physical properties, including compressibility and heat capacity, are considered forbidden in classical thermodynamics;;such analyses provide bounds on the stiffness and other properties of multiphase materials. Stable negative and singular stiffness is demonstrated experimentally in a piezoelectric system and in a thermoelastic granular material. Coupled fields occur naturally under a wide range of conditions and form the basis for many forms of technology including sensors, actuators, and electric coolers. Because all materials exhibit at least one coupled field effect, the concept is broadly general and is applicable to attaining extreme values of any physical property e.g. stiffness, permittivity, piezoelectricity.
机译：我们报告的稳定系统显示出准静态刚度，该刚度可以为负或趋于无穷大而不受外部限制。它们基于在力作用下非平衡存在的能量通量的耦合场。他们通过放松一个限制性假设来逃避热力学限制：平衡。在经典的热力学中，包括可压缩性和热容量在内的物理特性的负值被认为是禁止的;此类分析为多相材料的刚度和其他特性提供了界限。在压电系统和热弹性粒状材料中，实验证明了稳定的负刚度和奇异刚度。耦合场自然会在各种条件下发生，并构成包括传感器，执行器和电冷却器在内的多种技术形式的基础。因为所有材料都表现出至少一个耦合场效应，所以该概念是广义的，并且适用于获得任何物理特性（例如，电导率）的极值。刚度，介电常数，压电性。

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