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Carnot efficiency: Why?

机译:卡诺效率:为什么?

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摘要

In 1824, Carnot proposed a cycle operating on reversibility principles. He proved that there exists an upper limit of the efficiency of this cycle and this limit is also the upper limit for any real process. The irreversibility related to the finite-time and the finite-size constraints are fundamental for the optimization of any real thermodynamic system. It has been pointed out how fundamental is the interaction between any open system and its surroundings. The meaning of the Carnot efficiency is that even in the ideal condition, when there is no dissipation, there exists something that does not allow the system to convert all the energies absorbed in work. The aim of this paper is to show why this happens, starting from a variational approach of thermodynamics.
机译:1824年,卡诺(Carnot)提出了一种基于可逆性原理的循环。他证明存在该循环效率的上限,并且该上限也是任何实际过程的上限。与有限时间和有限大小约束有关的不可逆性是优化任何实际热力学系统的基础。已经指出,任何开放系统与其周围环境之间的相互作用有多么根本。卡诺效率的含义是,即使在理想条件下,当没有耗散时,也会存在某些东西,使系统无法转换工作中吸收的所有能量。本文的目的是从热力学的变分方法开始,说明为什么会发生这种情况。

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