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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >EARLY FAILURES IN AUTOMOBILE PARTS: A BACKGROUND STUDY IN RELIABILITY
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EARLY FAILURES IN AUTOMOBILE PARTS: A BACKGROUND STUDY IN RELIABILITY

机译：汽车零部件的早期故障：可靠性的背景研究

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This Memorandum is concerned with one particular aspect of reliability an initially high failure rate which has been ex plored mainly in the field of electronics, and has an important bearing on the achievement of maximum reliability for such devices as missiles and space vehicles.nThe early mortality of automobile parts is examined here through the analysis of warranty-claim information from one American manufacturer of passenger cars for the model year 1961. The Weibull probability distribution is fitted to the early claims data to indicate the trend — increasing, decreasing, or constant — in the observed failure rate. Since the data come from a non-random sample, a simulation of the claim-generating process is performed to develop the exposure pattern and permit the actuarial determination of the true conditional failure rates for the analysis.nThe results show that a substantial majority of the 36 parts analyzed display a very distinct decrease in the observed failure rate during the first few thousand miles of operation. Two parts which were studied categorically elsewhere show the constant failure rate found by previous studies, and one part with an increasing failure rate is shown to operate in a progressively increasing stress regime. We conclude that the economic limitations on quality-control efforts in this industry result in a higher proportion of initial (but hidden) defects by comparison with the aircraft parts studied previously. We also conclude that quality control and running-in are at least partial substitutes for one another.

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