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Long Wave Radiation and Total Rasiation Balance at the Surface in the Arctic

机译：北极地区长波辐射与地表总辐射平衡

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In climatology and general circulation Btudles, all the energy available at the surface is Important and not only the short wave component. Reliable observations are available only for short wave radiation, and long wave components must be obtained by the application of radiation laws to the known state of the atmosphere.nShort wave radiation and its calculation for the Arctic was discussed in detail in a previous report. The present report contains first the calculation of long wave radiation components, and then the radiation balance derived by the combination of all com¬ponents.nThe long wave radiation emitted from the ground was calculated with the Stefan Boltzmann formula. The values for grid points are given in the Appendix.nLong wave radiation received at the ground was deter¬mined from the temperature and humidity condition of the atmos¬phere, first for clear sky conditions (using Elsasser radiation diagram), and then for 10/10 cloudiness with low, medium and high clouds. These values were then corrected to actual cloud amounts and types.nThe values for clear sky and average cloud conditions are given for grid points in the Appendix.nAh analysis of the individual grid points shows that there are a few quite distinct, types of radiation regime: Norwegian Sea type, Continental type, Pack ice type. These are discussed in turn, and the radiation balance for the Arctic is presented In sections along 65°H, 0°"E and 120°E, as well as in twelve monthly maps.nFinally, estimates are obtained of the magnitude of the non-radiative transfer values (on a net monthly basis). Both the conduction below the surface and the turbulence above are much smaller than the radiation components.

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