This report investigates the effects of continuous vs. discrete control methods and the number of simultaneous camera views on operator performance during training to manually control a simulated micro-unmanned aerial vehicle (MAV). Seventy-two participants were trained to operate a MAV in a simulated environment, to designated criterion levels. They were then given training missions during which performance was measured. Eight conditions were investigated, formed by crossing three 2-level factors: input device (mouse vs. game controller), input control display (discrete vs. continuous), and number of simultaneous camera views (one vs. two). Superior performance was observed when a continuous input method (e.g., multiple degrees of freedom) was provided for continuous MAV functions (e.g. maneuvering in space) and a discrete input method (e.g., single action) was provided for discrete MAV functions (e.g., command to hover). Under these conditions, mission times were shorter, collisions were fewer, and more targets were photographed. Effects of video game experience and spatial ability were also investigated. Recommendations for the design of unmanned vehicle controls were discussed.
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