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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Influence of Magma Supply and Eruptive Processes on Axial Morphology, CrustalConstruction and Magma Chambers
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Influence of Magma Supply and Eruptive Processes on Axial Morphology, CrustalConstruction and Magma Chambers

机译：岩浆供应和喷发过程对轴向形态，地壳构造和岩浆腔的影响

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This Thesis examines the influence of magma supply and eruptive processes onaxial morphology, crustal construction, and the properties of crustal magma chambers at mid-ocean ridges. Variations in magma supply over 100 Kyr generate along-axis changes in crustal thickness and temperature. Magma sill properties and hydrothermal activity are linked to spreading events which occur on much shorter time scales (ca 10-100 yr). The observed magma sills lie considerably deeper than the level of neutral buoyancy. Magma ponds beneath mid-ocean ridges at a thermally controlled permeability boundary. Thermo-mechanical models predict that rift valley and magma sill formation are sensitive to small changes in crustal thickness and mantle temperature. Gravity reveals small differences in crustal thickness and mantle temperature accompanying a change from axial high to rift valley. A stochastic model for the emplacement of dikes and lava flows, with a narrow dike intrusion zone and a bimodal distribution of lava flows, satisfies geological and geophysical constraints on the construction of the extrusive section. This Thesis underlines the importance of eruption dynamics in the emplacement of the uppermost volcanic layer and of the crustal thermal structure in controlling local variations in magma sill depth and ridge morphology.

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