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Acid deposition: No such thing as a free launch.

机译：酸沉积：没有免费发射的东西。

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This paper reviews the acid deposition process and outlines the issues of atmospheric science that have made it such a difficult issue on which to achieve consensus. The geographical focus of this review is eastern North America, but the considerations presented here are applicable also to other regions. Acid deposition consists of delivery of acidic substances from the atmosphere to the earth's surface, principally sulfur and nitrogen oxides, acids, and salts. These compounds (mainly the oxides) are introduced into the atmosphere principally as by-products of fossil fuel combustion. Research on atmospheric processes examines the relations between the rates and spatial distributions of emissions of acidifying substances, the atmospheric concentrations and spatial distributions of these substances and of their atmospheric transformation products, and the rates and spatial distributions of deposition of these materials. The goal of this research is to determine how atmospheric concentrations and deposition fluxes would change in response to specified changes in emissions. Effects research is the study of the consequences of atmospheric concentrations and deposition rates of acidic and related substances on human health, on artificial structural and ornamental materials, on cultivated crops, and on natural terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The goal of this research is to determine standards for concentrations and deposition that are suitable for protecting human health and the general welfare from adverse effects of acid deposition. 17 refs., 7 figs.

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