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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Estimates of Historic Urban Air Quality Trends and Precipitation Acidity in Selected US Cities (1880-1980).
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Estimates of Historic Urban Air Quality Trends and Precipitation Acidity in Selected US Cities (1880-1980).

机译：美国部分城市历史城市空气质量趋势和降水酸度的估算（1880-1980）。

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Estimates for historical urban acidic deposition trends are presented for the past 100 years for twenty Northeastern US cities, which were selected because of the presence of significant historic buildings and monuments. Estimates are made for both local SO2 concentrations (dry deposition) and the approximate onset of acidic precipitation in the urban areas. SO2 estimates are based on housing density, space heating fuel use, and the state level ratios of other area source SO2 emissions to space heating emissions, and are seen to compare reasonably well with the available measurements. These estimates show that urban SO2 concentrations generally peaked in the period 1920-1950, after the advent of widespread use of natural gas in midwestern cities resulted in large air quality improvements. However, the use of residual fuel oil in Eastern seaboard cities delayed improvements in sulfur air quality there until the late 1960's. Peak annual average SO2 concentrations were estimated to have exceeded 500 ug/m (sup 3) (0.2 ppM) in New York City, Chicago, and Cleveland. Precipitation acidity estimates are based on the trade-off between urban SO2 (acidifying) and non sulfate particulates (neutralizing) using relationships developed from contemporary data in six US cities. This trade-off implies that precipitation is likely to have become acidified in most Northeastern medium sized and smaller cities since 1950; Chicago and New York were likely to have had acidic precipitation during all time periods for which measured air quality data are available (since the 1930's). Possible nitric acid effects on material damage are not included in these estimates but are believed to have become of potential importance only in the last few decades, following the rise in NOx emissions. 36 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.

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