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Horizontal Ground-Coil Heat Exchanger Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

机译：水平地线圈换热器理论与实验分析

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Ground-coupled heat pump systems have long been recognized for their high potential for energy conservation. However, the design of the ground-coil heat exchanger is still largely based on line-source theory, which was developed for heat pump ground-coil application back in the 1940s. Although this theory is easy to use, many important factors in ground-coil design have to be excluded because of the limitations of the theory. New models to better predict ground-coil performance are needed. Based on energy balance, three ground-coil models were developed: One incorporates a radially symmetrical temperature profile and a soil freezing effect around the coil; one includes a three-dimensional ground temperature distribution caused by heat transfer between the ground surface and ambient air; and one contains ground heat transfer and thermal interference effects. All three models have been validated with the field experimental data provided by Brookhaven National Laboratory and by The University of Tennessee. The maximum error in calculated energy exchange between coil and gound is <16%, on the conservative side, compared with the measured values. One section of this report includes a comparison of: (1) a line-source theory model; (2) a modified line-source theory model; and (3) one of the ORNL models. All three models were used to simulate the same field experiment. The results indicated that the ORNL model is much better than the other two. Finally, some possible future work involving mass transfer induced by the soil temperature gradient is discussed. The computer codes, which are easy to use, are included in the appendices, along with sample calculations. These codes can be used for ground-coil design purposes or for checking the coil design with other methods. (ERA citation 12:011529)

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