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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Assessment of the Impacts of Energy-Intensive Agrotechnologies on Environment and Human Health in the Developing Countries
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Assessment of the Impacts of Energy-Intensive Agrotechnologies on Environment and Human Health in the Developing Countries

机译：评估能源密集型农业技术对发展中国家环境和人类健康的影响

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Introduced into the soil, the nitrogenous fertilizers rapidly penetrated the complete atmosphere-plant-water-soil system: excess of nitrates and phosphates create a number of undesirable changes in the natural ecosystems, for example, rising NO sub 3 concentration in ground and surface waters. Pesticides affect the structure and function of the ecosystems, reducing the population of a certain number of species in the food chain levels. Bioconcentration could be found both in animal and in plant species. Uptake of nitrates, nitrites from agro-food products, drinkable water and amines and/or amides present in the human diet, results in N-nitroso compounds synthesis. These compounds have been proved to be carcinogenic in animal. Furthermore, epidemiological analyses in human populations demonstrate that high levels of nitrate uptake may be linked to increased incidence of cancer of the esophagus and stomach. In humans, an acute effect, such as methaemoglobinemia, is caused by ingestion of large quantities of nitrate. Pesticides may develop occupational hazards and hazard for consumers. In determining the potential human hazard, the estimates are based on the effects provoked in lab animal and on epidemiological studies. Some of these demonstrate higher incidence of different cancer forms in rural area characterized by an intensive use of pesticides. Finally a survey of new agrotechnologies is proposed as alternative to the energy-intensive ones. Minimum tillage, nitrogen fixation, crop rotation, and integrated pest control constitute some examples of these new cropping technologies that keep lower the side-effects of environment and human health. 43 refs., 2 figs., 8 tabs. (ERA citation 11:009757)

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