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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Economic Implications of Open Versus Closed Cycle Cooling for New Steam-Electric Power Plants: A National and Regional Survey
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Economic Implications of Open Versus Closed Cycle Cooling for New Steam-Electric Power Plants: A National and Regional Survey

机译：新型蒸汽电厂开放式与闭式循环冷却的经济意义：国家和地区调查

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Current and anticipated thermal pollution regulations will prevent many new steam electric power plants from operating with once-through cooling. Alternative cooling systems acceptable from an environmental view fail to operate with the same efficiencies, in terms of resources consumed per Kwh of electricity produced, offered by once-through cooling systems. As a consequence there are clear conflicts between meeting environmental objectives and meeting minimum cost and minimum resource consumption objectives. This report examines, at both the regional and national level, the costs of satisfying environmental objectives through the existing thermal pollution regulations. This study forecasts the costs of operating those megawatts of new generating capacity to be installed between the years 1975 and 2000 which will be required to install closed cycle cooling solely to comply with thermal regulations. A regionally disaggregated approach is used in the forecasts in order to preserve as much of the anticipated inter-regional variation in future capacity growth rates and economic trends as possible. The net costs of closed cycle cooling over once-through cooling are based on comparisons of the costs of owning and operating optimal closed and open-cycle cooling configurations in separate regions, using computer codes to simulate joint power plant/cooling system operation. The expected future costs of current thermal pollution regulations are determined for the mutually exclusive - collectively exhaustive eighteen Water Resources Council Regions within the contiguous US, and are expressed in terms of additional dollar expenditures, water losses and energy consumption. These costs are then compared with the expected resource commitments associated with the normal operation of the steam electric power industry. (ERA citation 06:031931)

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