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Assessment of Energy Storage Technologies and Systems. Phase II: Heat Pump and Solar Energy Applications

机译:能量储存技术和系统的评估。第二阶段:热泵和太阳能应用

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An analysis of the cost-effectiveness of thermal energy storage (TES) systems in heat pump, solar energy, and competing-system applications is described. The energy storage technologies evaluated interface with conventional electric utility supply systems. In winter-peaking service areas, storage and bivalent heat pump and resistance heating technologies were found to offer substantial savings relative to conventional heat pump and direct resistance heating systems. In summer-peaking service areas, a hybrid heat pump-diurnal ice storage system is the most efficient technology for year-round space conditioning. The TES commercialization program recommended here includes: design and implementation of economically efficient electric rates, field demonstrations to establish technical and economic viability of TES systems in U.S. markets, appliance performance-safety certification, and improved TES performance through development of advanced TES concepts. Development of phase change material (PCM) storage appears to hold substantial promise for reducing the cost of residential heating and cooling. Accordingly, a strong research effort to develop and validate PCM storage is recommended. (ERA citation 04:008333)

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