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Slow dynamics experiments in solids with nonlinear mesoscopic elasticity

机译:具有非线性介观弹性的固体中的慢动力学实验

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As revealed by longitudinal bar resonance experiments, materials such as rocks211u001eand concrete show a rich diversity of nonlinear elastic behavior. As a function 211u001eof increasing drive level, resonance frequencies shift downward by several 211u001epercent, the resonant line shape changes, and harmonics and slow dynamics appear. 211u001eSlow dynamics (1) refers to the time-dependent recovery of an elastic modulus to 211u001eits initial value after being softened by large strain. In order to explore the 211u001emechanisms of nonlinear response including slow dynamics, we performed 211u001eexperiments on concrete and several different earth materials. The softening 211u001e(conditioning) and recovery processes appear to be asymmetric. Conditioning takes 211u001eplace quickly; full recovery of the elastic modulus (as measured by drift of the 211u001eresonance peak) takes minutes to hours, depending on the length of time the 211u001econditioning strain was applied. We find that for a wide variety of rocks and 211u001econcretes, the recovery of the resonant frequency goes as log(time). Logarithmic 211u001etime-dependence is a phenomenon associated with static friction and restoration 211u001eof surface contacts, which in rocks probably takes place at touching crack 211u001esurfaces.

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