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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Chemical composition of precipitation in India and Nepal. A preliminary report on an Indo-Swedish project on atmospheric chemistry
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Chemical composition of precipitation in India and Nepal. A preliminary report on an Indo-Swedish project on atmospheric chemistry

机译：印度和尼泊尔的降水化学成分。印度 - 瑞典大气化学项目的初步报告

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Rainwater and dustfall are being collected for chemical analysis at five sites in India and one in Nepal on an event basis with wet-only and bulk collectors. Special attempts are made to obtain regionally representative values and in particular to avoid local sources of alkaline dust. Sampling and analysis are described and data are given from four of the stations, Delhi, Pune, Sinhagad and Goa. Rainwater is on the average alkaline (contains more bicarbonate than hydrogen ion) with a pH of between 6.2 and 6.8 based on mean hydrogen and bicarbonate concentrations. Major acidifying and neutralizing components have rather similar concentration at three of the four sites (except Delhi): SO(sub 4)(sup 2-) (12-18 (mu)eq/L), NO(sub 3)(sup -) (5-7 (mu)eq/L) and nss Ca(sup 2+) (32-40 (mu)eq/L). Concentrations of NH(sub 4)(sup +) varies from 5 at the coastal Goa to 12 (mu)eq/L at the inland stations and nss Mg(sup 2+) from 2 to 8 (mu)eq/L. Sea salt components very clearly decrease with increasing distance from the coast. Delhi deviates in a peculiar fashion with higher concentrations of SO(sub 4)(sup 2-), NH(sub 4)(sup +) and K(sup +) and lower in Ca(sup 2+) and Mg(sup 2+). Amount of dustfall (as collected by funnels which probably only give a fraction of dry deposition to real surfaces) was estimated at Delhi. The dustfall greatly exceeded wet deposition of Ca(sup 2+) and Mg(sup 2+), made a significant contribution in case of NO(sub 3)(sup -) and was rather unimportant in case of NH(sub 4)(sup +) (20%). 28 refs., 3 figs., 12 tabs.

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