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Constituent Properties and Formulation-Derived Interface Characteristics Contributing to Failure in Pharmaceutical and Explosive Composites.

机译:制药性能和配方衍生的界面特性有助于制药和爆炸复合材料的失效。

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摘要

Pharmaceutical tablets and plastic bonded explosives (PBX) obviously have very different purposes, but as materials they share many characteristics. Both types of composites are composed of crystalline ingredients incorporated in a polymeric matrix material that enables processing and aids in their intended design function. The crystalline 'active' ingredients are organic molecular crystals, and many examples ofthese have similar symmetry, morphology, mechanical properties, and phase behaviors. While these functions and the overall loading of the composites are quite different in most cases, the properties of the crystalline constituents and the effects ofthe formulation can influence the response of the composite in similar and important ways. Case studies from each category of materials will be presented, starting with crystalline properties and progressing to the effects of formulation on interface characteristics that lead to macroscopic engineering characteristics. Recent investigation ofthe elastic-plastic responses of crystalline nitramine explosives and paracetamol by nanoindentation shed light on the elastic properties, plastic flow, and brittle failure characteristics that lead to, for example, poor tablet formation characteristics and localization of energy leading to initiation of detonation. The highly anisotropic responses observed are not easily contrived by intuition, and exhibit indications of stress and strain-rate dependence.

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