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Analysis of Supercritical CO(Sub 2) Cycle Control Strategies and Dynamic Response for Generation IV Reactors

机译：超临界CO（sub 2）循环控制策略及第四代反应堆动态响应分析

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The analysis of specific control strategies and dynamic behavior of the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO(sub 2)) Brayton cycle has been extended to the two reactor types selected for continued development under the Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative; namely, the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) and the Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR). Direct application of the standard S-CO(sub 2) recompression cycle to the VHTR was found to be challenging because of the mismatch in the temperature drop of the He gaseous reactor coolant through the He-to-CO(sub 2) reactor heat exchanger (RHX) versus the temperature rise of the CO(sub 2) through the RHX. The reference VHTR features a large temperature drop of 450 C between the assumed core outlet and inlet temperatures of 850 and 400 C, respectively. This large temperature difference is an essential feature of the VHTR enabling a lower He flow rate reducing the required core velocities and pressure drop. In contrast, the standard recompression S-CO(sub 2) cycle wants to operate with a temperature rise through the RHX of about 150 C reflecting the temperature drop as the CO(sub 2) expands from 20 MPa to 7.4 MPa in the turbine and the fact that the cycle is highly recuperated such that the CO(sub 2) entering the RHX is effectively preheated. Because of this mismatch, direct application of the standard recompression cycle results in a relatively poor cycle efficiency of 44.9%. However, two approaches have been identified by which the S-CO(sub 2) cycle can be successfully adapted to the VHTR and the benefits of the S-CO(sub 2) cycle, especially a significant gain in cycle efficiency, can be realized.

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