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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >A Summary of Environmental Effects of Space Shuttle Launches at John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida after the First 24 Launches
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A Summary of Environmental Effects of Space Shuttle Launches at John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida after the First 24 Launches

机译：佛罗里达州约翰肯尼迪航天中心发射前24次航天飞机的环境影响综述

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Twenty-four launches of the space shuttle have occurred since 1981. The environmental effects of those launches have been categorized into near-field short-term acute, near-field long-term chronic and far-field long-term chronic. Impacts are generated in the near-field by the deposition of 3.4 x 10(exp 3) kg of HCl and 7.1 x 10(exp 3) kg of particulates consisting of pad surface debris and Al2O3- far-field (greater than 1 km) deposition of HCl varied from 25 to 5300 mg/sq m based on leaf washing and drop analyses. Plant community structure and composition has been permanently altered in an impact zone of 50 ha near-field. No changes have been noted outside the near-field. Soil leachate studies indicate a cumulative decrease in ph over 24 launches, increases in Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and decreased buffering capacity. Surface waters have shown only temporary changes (1-3 days) in pH due to acute launch effects. Local fish kills occur at each launch, however, long-term fish population studies are incomplete at this time. Studies continue to assess long-term impacts on sediment and benthos. Overall impacts are associated with the near-field launch exhaust cloud effects rather than far-field deposition.

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