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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Minerals Yearbook Area Reports: International 2012, Europe and Central Eurasia.
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Minerals Yearbook Area Reports: International 2012, Europe and Central Eurasia.

机译：矿产年鉴区域报告：2012年国际，欧洲和中欧亚大陆。

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The region of Europe and Central Eurasia as defined in this volume encompasses territory that extends from the Atlantic coast of Europe to the Pacific coast of the Russian Federation. It includes the British Isles, Iceland, and Greenland (a self-governing part of the Kingdom of Denmark). The European Union (EU) is a supranational entity that at yearend 2012 comprised the following 27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The euro (€) operates as a single currency for countries within the EU that have fulfilled the stated requirements of the European Central Bank (located in Frankfurt, Germany) for inclusion in the euro area. As of January 1, 2013, the EU countries that were part of the euro area were Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Kosovo and Montenegro officially adopted the euro as their sole currency without an agreement with the euro area and therefore they did not have euro issuing rights in 2012 (European Commission, 2014a, b). Other countries that were candidates to join the EU were Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey (although no date was given for expected accession, as they were all still in the negotiation stage). Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo (under UN Security Council Resolution 1244) were considered potential candidate countries and were expected to start negotiations for EU candidate country status (European Commission, 2014a).

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