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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Impacts of Recent Hurricane Activity on Historic and Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf
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Impacts of Recent Hurricane Activity on Historic and Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf

机译：近期飓风活动对墨西哥湾外大陆架历史遗迹和沉船事故的影响

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In 2005 the Gulf of Mexico was significantly impacted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, two of the costliest hurricanes in U.S. history. Combined, these storms destroyed over 100 offshore oil and gas platforms and damaged more than 500 pipeline segments. The extent of this damage raised concerns within BOEMREs Historic Preservation Program regarding the potential effects to Gulf of Mexico shipwrecks that were subjected to the same destructive forces. Ten wrecks were selected for investigation based on their proximity to the hurricane paths and on the availability of prestorm archaeological data. Each of these wrecks was subjected to a remote-sensing survey, and based on those results, four of the wrecks were selected for further investigation by divers in order to quantify the extents of storm-induced damage. When possible, box core sediment samples were collected and analyzed in order to characterize the marine sediments at each site. Previously published hindcast environmental data were further used to produce wave-current interaction models of the horizontal and vertical forces exerted on each of the four wrecks during peak-storm conditions. Archaeological and historical knowledge of the wrecks was supplemented by additional archival research, and, in the case of the wreck of New York, documentation of artifacts recovered by a private salvage operation. Quantifiable hurricane impacts varied widely among the four investigated wrecks, despite wave-current interaction models that illustrated consistently severe environmental conditions at each site. Two wrecks exhibited no discernible effects, and the combined data were at best inconclusive. Conversely, a third site was heavily impacted by bottom currents that resulted in significant hull collapse. The fourth site was not negatively affected by the hurricane forces, but was instead returned to a protective anaerobic environment due to complete reburial. These results differ significantly from documented hurricane impacts to wrecks sunk as artificial reefs in other regions of the U.S. The authors hypothesize that this discrepancy may be caused by an inverse relationship between the age of a shipwreck (i.e., the number of hurricanes it has been subjected to over time) and the damage caused by each subsequent hurricane event.

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