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Low-Frequency Variability of Currents in the Deepwater Eastern Gulf of Mexico

机译：墨西哥湾东部深水流的低频变化

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Vertical structure of the low frequency horizontal currents at the northern edge of the Loop Current during eddy shedding events is observed using concurrent hydrographic, moored, and satellite altimetry data from 2005. Dynamic modes are calculated at three deep (approx. 3000 m), full water-column moorings in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Time-series of the barotropic and first two baroclinic modes are found using a least squares minimization that fits theoretically derived modes to observed moored velocity data. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses show that the majority of observed variance is explained by a surface-trapped mode that is highly coherent with the temporal amplitudes of the first baroclinic mode, and a lower, but significant percentage of variance is captured in bottomintensified modes. Amplitudes of the second empirical mode indicate that currents are more coherent in the ocean interior approaching the Loop Current, as more variance is explained by this mode at the southernmost mooring near the Loop Current. A dynamic mode decomposition of the horizontal currents reveals that the barotropic and first baroclinic modes exhibit low frequency variability and eddy time scales of 10 40 days. Second baroclinic mode amplitudes show higher frequency variability and shorter time scales. A model utility test for the least squares fit of modeled to observed velocity shows that the second baroclinic mode is useful to the statistical model during 50 85 % of the mooring deployment, and is particularly necessary to the model when cyclonic features are present in the study area. The importance of the second baroclinic mode to the model increases significantly closer to the Loop Current. High-speed currents associated with the Loop Current and anticyclones stimulate a strong first baroclinic response, but the second baroclinic mode amplitudes are found to be similar in magnitude to the first baroclinic mode amplitudes at times. This happens episodically and could be an indication of higher order dynamics related to frontal eddies or Loop Current eddy shedding.

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