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Field Manual for Investigating Coral Disease Outbreaks

机译：调查珊瑚病疫情的实地手册

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Coral reefs throughout their circumtropical range are declining at an accelerating rate. Recent predictions indicate that 20% of the worlds reefs have been degraded, another 24% are under imminent risk of collapse, and if current estimates hold, by 2030, 26% of the worlds reefs will be lost (Wilkinson 2004). Recent changes to these ecosystems have included losses of apex predators, reductions of important herbivorous fishes and invertebrates, and precipitous declines in living coral cover, with many reefs now dominated by macroalgae. Causes have been described in broad sweeping terms: global climate change, over-fishing and destructive fishing, land-based sources of pollution, sedimentation, hurricanes, mass bleaching events and disease. Recognition that corals can succumb to disease was first reported in the early 1970s. Then it was a unique observation, with relatively few isolated reports until the mid 1990s. Today disease has spread to over 150 species of coral, reported from 65 countries throughout all of the worlds tropical oceans (WCMC Global Coral Disease Database). While disease continues to increase in frequency and distribution throughout the world, definitive causes of coral diseases have remained elusive for the most part, with reef managers not sufficiently armed to combat it.

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