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Lumps and Balls in High-Slump Concrete: Reasons and Remedy;Final rept

机译：高坍落度混凝土中的团块和球：原因和补救措施;最终报告

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In high-slump truck-mixed concrete, mostly used in drilled shafts (deep foundation system for heavy loads), lumps and balls typically the size of a lemon to a baseball, are not uncommon. Such lumps and balls, usually composed of cement, sand and coarse aggregate, jeopardize structural integrity of concrete by forming weakened zones and by increasing the potential for soil intrusion. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) requires that the concrete should be free from lumps. Hence when lumps are found, concrete batches are to be rejected. Consequences are disrupted of work, costly rework, and loss of valuable time. This experimental study was conducted to find the root causes of lumps and balls formation in high-slump truck-mixed concrete and to develop procedures to avoid them. Experiments were conducted at the CSR Rinker Concrete Plant in Miami, Florida, based on a protocol developed by a team of Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) concrete engineers, CSR Rinker concrete plant personnel, and the Florida International University research team.

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