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North American Bird Conservation Initiative in the United States: A Vision of American Bird Conservation

机译：美国北美鸟类保护倡议：美国鸟类保护的愿景

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Birds have always been a source of inspiration and fascination to people around the globe and from all walks of life. In the United States, nature-based recreationfrom backyard feeders to regional festivalsis the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry. In 1996, approximately 160 million Americans, or 77% of the population, spent $29.2 billion to observe, photograph, or feed wildlifean increase of more than 39% since 1991. If wildlife watching were a corporation, it would have ranked 23rd on the Fortune 500 list that year. A high percentage of this recreation involves birds. Birding is growing faster than many other outdoor recreational activities such as biking, pleasure walking, skiing, and golfing; it increased 200% from 21 million participants in 1982-83 to an estimated 63 million in 1997. Birders spend some $20 billion annually in seed, travel, and equipment. The number of major birding festivals has grown from five in 1985 to 140 in 1999. At a National level, economic activity directly associated with enjoyment of birds generated over 191,000 jobs and more than $895 million in sales and income tax revenues in 1991. In addition, three million migratory bird hunters generated $1.3 billion in retail sales, having a total economic multiplier effect of $3.9 billionconsidering the 46,000 additional jobs and $176 million in sales and income tax revenues produced. Americas bird population, however, is showing an alarming decline. Long-term radar records reveal that numbers of migratory birds passing over the Louisiana Gulf Coast have declined by half since the 1960s. Birds such as the cerulean warbler, king rail, loggerhead shrike, and painted bunting have exhibited a striking decline of 60-75%. The ruffed grouse, eastern meadowlark, northern bobwhite, and American bittern have lost 50-58% of their populations, while even more well-known birds such as the robin, goldfinch, and whip-poorwill have declined by about 20% in recent years. In greatest jeopardy are the 85 bird species currently on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services threatened and endangered species list.Many federal, state, and non-governmental wildlife agencies and organizations working in the United States and abroad have noted the development of this alarming trend. To address the needs of various bird groups, they have joined forces in several extensive partnerships.

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