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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Understanding Environmental Problems in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Broad211 Spectrum Surveys, Participatory Appraisal and Contingent Valuation
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Understanding Environmental Problems in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: Broad211 Spectrum Surveys, Participatory Appraisal and Contingent Valuation

机译：了解弱势社区的环境问题：Broad211频谱调查，参与式评估和条件价值评估

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In poor urban areas, serious environmental problems arise in and around people's211u001ehomes, often creating health hazards. Inadequate sanitation, insufficient or 211u001econtaminated water, smoky cooking fuels, uncollected solid waste, and insect 211u001einfestation are all correlated with urban poverty and a lack of environmental 211u001eservices. Many people, especially women, children and the elderly, spend much of 211u001etheir time close to home. Their health is directly threatened by these problems. 211u001eRespiratory infections and diarrheal diseases are the two biggest childhood 211u001ekillers. Both are linked to inadequate home and neighborhood environments. 211u001eNeighborhood environmental health problems and their related economic costs can 211u001ebe enormous. The World Bank's World Development Report 1993 estimated that 211u001efeasible interventions to improve household environments (especially water 211u001eprovision, sanitation and indoor air quality) could avert the annual loss of 211u001ealmost 80 million years of 'diability free' life. This is far more than the 211u001efeasible improvement attributed to all other environmental interventions 211u001ecombined. Associated economic costs include health care expenditures, lost wages 211u001eand lowered productivity.

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