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GIS Technical Memorandum 3: Global Positioning Systems Technology and ItsApplication in Environmental Programs

机译：GIs技术备忘录3：全球定位系统技术及其在环境计划中的应用

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Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are a location determination technology thatoffers significant opportunities for obtaining highly accurate locational data at low cost. In order for the technology to perform up to its capabilities in Agency applications, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) staff will need to develop a greater understanding of the technology itself, coordinate systems, surveying, and basic geodesy. EPA has been collecting expertise in the use of the technology over the last 3 years via pilot use of GPS systems to enhance locational control in Agency projects. In order to operationalize the use of the technology within EPA, there also exists a need to develop concise standard operational procedures and methodologies for its use. The document is a beginning toward fulfillment of these needs. It is intended to be an introductory reference that describes the technology and how it could be employed in EPA work. It provides an overview of survey methods from initial planning to data reduction and postprocessing. Ancillary but important issues such as reference datums and use with geographic information systems are covered in order to provide the reader additional context regarding the use of the spatial information in a project environment. Case studies performed by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, are also included in the document as auxiliary background that may provide helpful techniques.

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