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Mobilising female labour market reserves: What promotes women’s transitions from part-time to full-time work?

机译：调动女性劳动力市场储备：什么促使女性从非全时工作过渡到全职工作？

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摘要

Considering the high female part-time rates in Norway, one may envisage a sizeable additionallabour supply if more part-time working women would switch to full time. In view of an ageingpopulation and increased demand for labour in the future, we investigate this issue by studyingmarried and cohabiting women’s transitions from part-time to full-time work based on panel data from2003-2009. Contrary to evidence from other countries with well-established support for workingmothers, we find that young children in the household still restrain Norwegian women’s mobility tofull-time work. On the other hand, there is a strong trend of higher full-time transition rates over ourstudy period, which may reflect a vast expansion of the day care sector with more and cheaper daycare, as well as a booming economy. Part timers who work in typical female occupations such asnursing, and sales and services are also less likely to switch to full time. Whether this is a result oftrue preferences or constraints is difficult to say, but previous research suggest that involuntary parttime may be substantial. Voluntariness may further be a matter of degree, and “chosen” part timersmay also switch to full time if conditions were right.
机译：考虑到挪威女性兼职率很高，如果更多的兼职工作妇女转向全职，则可以设想大量的额外劳动力供应。鉴于未来的人口老龄化和对劳动力的需求不断增加，我们根据2003-2009年的面板数据，通过研究已婚和同居妇女从非全时工作向全职工作的过渡来调查此问题。与其他国家对工作母亲的可靠支持相反，我们发现家庭中的幼儿仍然限制挪威妇女从事全职工作。另一方面，在我们的研究期间，全日制过渡率有很大的趋势，这可能反映出日托行业的广泛发展，日托价格越来越便宜，经济发展也越来越快。从事典型女性职业（例如护理，销售和服务）的兼职人员也不太可能转向全职。很难说这是真正的偏好还是制约的结果，但是先前的研究表明，非自愿的兼职可能是很大的。自愿性可能还取决于程度，如果条件合适，“选择的”兼职计时器也可以切换到全职。

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